The Implementation of Maintenance System in Malaysia’s Public Housing at Kota Bharu, Kelantan

Establishing an effective maintenance system in public housing buildings is essential in ensuring the building operates optimally and enhances residents' satisfaction. However, the maintenance management in Malaysian public housing is considered low, particularly on leaky roofs, dysfunctional elevators and obstructed pipes. Consequently, the deterioration of facilities and services makes the residents dissatisfied. Consequently, the study aims to determine the current implementation and effectiveness of the maintenance system for public housing by focusing on the residents' satisfaction level and the practice of the maintenance personnel. Surveys were conducted with residents and maintenance personnel from the Projek Perumahan Rakyat Kota Bharu's public housing. A total of 230 questionnaires were considered valid and analyzed to rank the residents' satisfaction level towards public housing maintenance and the practice of the maintenance personnel in public residential buildings. The data was analyzed using the Mean Analysis in the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS). The result revealed that the residents are satisfied with the maintenance system's performance, with an electrical system as the most satisfying maintenance performance rated by the residents, compared with other aspects of the maintenance performance factors, with a mean score of 3.94. However, several aspects of the maintenance system, namely cleaning services, security system, and time for repairing the defects, still need improvement to enhance the maintenance quality of public housing in Malaysia

The Implementation of Maintenance System in Malaysia’s Public Housing at Kota Bharu, Kelantan

Establishing an effective maintenance system in public housing buildings is essential in ensuring the building operates optimally and enhances residents' satisfaction. However, the maintenance management in Malaysian public housing is considered low, particularly on leaky roofs, dysfunctional elevators and obstructed pipes. Consequently, the deterioration of facilities and services makes the residents dissatisfied. Consequently, the study aims to determine the current implementation and effectiveness of the maintenance system for public housing by focusing on the residents' satisfaction level and the practice of the maintenance personnel. Surveys were conducted with residents and maintenance personnel from the Projek Perumahan Rakyat Kota Bharu's public housing. A total of 230 questionnaires were considered valid and analyzed to rank the residents' satisfaction level towards public housing maintenance and the practice of the maintenance personnel in public residential buildings. The data was analyzed using the Mean Analysis in the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS). The result revealed that the residents are satisfied with the maintenance system's performance, with an electrical system as the most satisfying maintenance performance rated by the residents, compared with other aspects of the maintenance performance factors, with a mean score of 3.94. However, several aspects of the maintenance system, namely cleaning services, security system, and time for repairing the defects, still need improvement to enhance the maintenance quality of public housing in Malaysia

Sistem Notifikasi Surat Pada Kantor Pemerintahan Kota Langsa Berbasis Web

Notifications are notifications about actions that affect them. This notification can help users be more aware of events related to them and, if they want, can take action quickly, this notification is indispensable for letters, Letters can be interpreted as a means of communication to convey written information by one party to another by purpose tells the intent of the message from the sender. This notification system is made using PHP which will be designed using ERD and DFD and will produce a web with notification system for incoming and outgoing mail.Notifikasi adalah pemberitahuan mengenai tindakan yang memengaruhi mereka. Pemberitahuan ini dapat membantu pengguna lebih menyadari peristiwa-peristiwa yang berhubungan dengan mereka dan, jika mereka mau, dapat mengambil tindakan dengan cepat, notifikasi ini sangat diperlukan untuk surat, Surat dapat diartikan menjadi sarana komunikasi untuk menyampaikan informasi tertulis oleh suatu pihak kepada pihak lain dengan tujuan memberitahukan maksud pesan dari si pengirim. Sistem Notifikasi ini dibuat menggunakan PHP yang akan dirancang menggunakan ERD dan DFD dan akan menghasilkan sebuah web dengan sistem notifikasi untuk surat masuk dan surat keluar

Intrusion Detection Systems in Cloud Computing: A Contemporary Review of Techniques and Solutions

Rapid growth of resources and escalating cost of infrastructure is leading organizations to adopt cloud computing. Cloud computing provides high performance, efficient utilization, and on-demand availability of resources. However, the cloud environment is vulnerable to different kinds of intrusion attacks which involve installing malicious software and creating backdoors. In a cloud environment, where businesses have hosted important and critical data, the security of underlying technologies becomes crucial. To mitigate the threat to cloud environments, Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) are a layer of defense. The aim of this survey paper is to review IDS techniques proposed for the cloud. To achieve this objective, the first step is defining the limitations and unique characteristics of each technique. The second step is establishing the criteria to evaluate IDS architectures. In this paper, the criteria used is derived from basic characteristics of cloud. Next step is a comparative analysis of various existing intrusion detection techniques against the criteria. The last step is on the discussion of drawbacks and open issues, comprehended from the evaluation, due to which implementation of IDS in cloud environment face hurdles

The implementation of maintenance system in Malaysia’s public housing at Kota Bharu, Kelantan

Establishing an effective maintenance system in public housing buildings is essential in ensuring the building operates optimally and enhances residents' satisfaction. However, the maintenance management in Malaysian public housing is considered low, particularly on leaky roofs, dysfunctional elevators and obstructed pipes. Consequently, the deterioration of facilities and services makes the residents dissatisfied. Consequently, the study aims to determine the current implementation and effectiveness of the maintenance system for public housing by focusing on the residents' satisfaction level and the practice of the maintenance personnel. Surveys were conducted with residents and maintenance personnel from the Projek Perumahan Rakyat Kota Bharu's public housing. A total of 230 questionnaires were considered valid and analyzed to rank the residents' satisfaction level towards public housing maintenance and the practice of the maintenance personnel in public residential buildings. The data was analyzed using the Mean Analysis in the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS). The result revealed that the residents are satisfied with the maintenance system's performance, with an electrical system as the most satisfying maintenance performance rated by the residents, compared with other aspects of the maintenance performance factors, with a mean score of 3.94. However, several aspects of the maintenance system, namely cleaning services, security system, and time for repairing the defects, still need improvement to enhance the maintenance quality of public housing in Malaysia

Characterisation of the Immunophenotype of Dogs with Primary Immune-Mediated Haemolytic Anaemia

Immune-mediated haemolytic anaemia (IMHA) is reported to be the most common autoimmune disease of dogs, resulting in significant morbidity and mortality in affected animals. Haemolysis is caused by the action of autoantibodies, but the immunological changes that result in their production have not been elucidated.To investigate the frequency of regulatory T cells (Tregs) and other lymphocyte subsets and to measure serum concentrations of cytokines and peripheral blood mononuclear cell expression of cytokine genes in dogs with IMHA, healthy dogs and dogs with inflammatory diseases.19 dogs with primary IMHA, 22 dogs with inflammatory diseases and 32 healthy control dogs.Residual EDTA-anti-coagulated blood samples were stained with fluorophore-conjugated monoclonal antibodies and analysed by flow cytometry to identify Tregs and other lymphocyte subsets. Total RNA was also extracted from peripheral blood mononuclear cells to investigate cytokine gene expression, and concentrations of serum cytokines (interleukins 2, 6 10, CXCL-8 and tumour necrosis factor α) were measured using enhanced chemiluminescent assays. Principal component analysis was used to investigate latent variables that might explain variability in the entire dataset.There was no difference in the frequency or absolute numbers of Tregs among groups, nor in the proportions of other lymphocyte subsets. The concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines were greater in dogs with IMHA compared to healthy controls, but the concentration of IL-10 and the expression of cytokine genes did not differ between groups. Principal component analysis identified four components that explained the majority of the variability in the dataset, which seemed to correspond to different aspects of the immune response.The immunophenotype of dogs with IMHA differed from that of dogs with inflammatory diseases and from healthy control dogs; some of these changes could suggest abnormalities in peripheral tolerance that permit development of autoimmune disease. The frequency of Tregs did not differ between groups, suggesting that deficiency in the number of these cells is not responsible for development of IMHA

Small chromosomes among Danish Candida glabrata isolates originated through different mechanisms

We analyzed 192 strains of the pathogenic yeast Candida glabrata from patients, mainly suffering from systemic infection, at Danish hospitals during 1985-1999. Our analysis showed that these strains were closely related but exhibited large karyotype polymorphism. Nine strains contained small chromosomes, which were smaller than 0.5 Mb. Regarding the year, patient and hospital, these C. glabrata strains had independent origin and the analyzed small chromosomes were structurally not related to each other (i.e. they contained different sets of genes). We suggest that at least two mechanisms could participate in their origin: (i) through a segmental duplication which covered the centromeric region, or (ii) by a translocation event moving a larger chromosome arm to another chromosome that leaves the centromere part with the shorter arm. The first type of small chromosomes carrying duplicated genes exhibited mitotic instability, while the second type, which contained the corresponding genes in only one copy in the genome, was mitotically stable. Apparently, in patients C. glabrata chromosomes are frequently reshuffled resulting in new genetic configurations, including appearance of small chromosomes, and some of these resulting "mutant" strains can have increased fitness in a certain patient "environment"

Angiopoietin-1 inhibits tumour growth and ascites formation in a murine model of peritoneal carcinomatosis

Angiopoietin-1 is an important regulator of endothelial cell survival. Angiopoietin-1 also reduces vascular permeability mediated by vascular endothelial growth factor. The effects of angiopoietin-1 on tumour growth and angiogenesis are controversial. We hypothesised that angiopoietin-1 would decrease tumour growth and ascites formation in peritoneal carcinomatosis. Human colon cancer cells (KM12L4) were transfected with vector (pcDNA) alone (control) or vector containing angiopoietin-1 and injected into the peritoneal cavities of mice. After 30 days, the following parameters were measured: number of peritoneal nodules, ascites volume, and diameter of the largest tumour. Effects of angiopoietin-1 on vascular permeability were investigated using an intradermal Miles assay with conditioned media from transfected cells. Seven of the nine mice in the pcDNA group developed ascites (1.3±0.5 ml (mean±s.e.m.)), whereas no ascites was detectable in the angiopoietin-1 group (0 out of 10) (P<0.01). Number of peritoneal metastases (P<0.05), tumour volume, (P<0.05), vessel counts (P<0.01), and tumour cell proliferation (P<0.01) were significantly reduced in angiopoietin-1-expressing tumours. Conditioned medium from angiopoietin-1-transfected cells decreased vascular permeability more than did conditioned medium from control cells (P<0.05). Our results suggest that angiopoietin-1 is an important mediator of angiogenesis and vascular permeability and thus could theoretically serve as an anti-neoplastic agent for patients with carcinomatosis from colorectal cancer

Family history of colorectal cancer in Iran

BACKGROUND: Previous reports show a high proportion of young CRC patients in Iran. In this study we aim to look for the clustering of colorectal cancer in families of a series of CRC patients from Iran. METHODS: The family history of cancer is traced in 449 CRC patients of which 112 were 45 yrs or younger and 337 were older than 45 yrs at time of diagnosis. The patients were admitted in two hospitals in Tehran, during a 4-year period. RESULTS: Clinical diagnosis of HNPCC was established in 21 (4.7%) probands. Family history of CRC was more frequently reported by early-onset than by late-onset patients (29.5% vs. 12.8%, p < 0.001). Distribution of tumor site differed significantly between those with and without family history of CRC. Right colon cancer was the most frequent site (23/45, 35.4%) observed in patients with positive family history of colorectal cancer. CONCLUSION: The relatively high frequency of CRC clustering along with HNPCC in our patients should be further confirmed with larger sample size population-based and genetic studies to establish a cost effective molecular screening for the future

Telomere disruption results in non-random formation of de novo dicentric chromosomes involving acrocentric human chromosomes

Copyright: © 2010 Stimpson et al.Genome rearrangement often produces chromosomes with two centromeres (dicentrics) that are inherently unstable because of bridge formation and breakage during cell division. However, mammalian dicentrics, and particularly those in humans, can be quite stable, usually because one centromere is functionally silenced. Molecular mechanisms of centromere inactivation are poorly understood since there are few systems to experimentally create dicentric human chromosomes. Here, we describe a human cell culture model that enriches for de novo dicentrics. We demonstrate that transient disruption of human telomere structure non-randomly produces dicentric fusions involving acrocentric chromosomes. The induced dicentrics vary in structure near fusion breakpoints and like naturally-occurring dicentrics, exhibit various inter-centromeric distances. Many functional dicentrics persist for months after formation. Even those with distantly spaced centromeres remain functionally dicentric for 20 cell generations. Other dicentrics within the population reflect centromere inactivation. In some cases, centromere inactivation occurs by an apparently epigenetic mechanism. In other dicentrics, the size of the alpha-satellite DNA array associated with CENP-A is reduced compared to the same array before dicentric formation. Extrachromosomal fragments that contained CENP-A often appear in the same cells as dicentrics. Some of these fragments are derived from the same alpha-satellite DNA array as inactivated centromeres. Our results indicate that dicentric human chromosomes undergo alternative fates after formation. Many retain two active centromeres and are stable through multiple cell divisions. Others undergo centromere inactivation. This event occurs within a broad temporal window and can involve deletion of chromatin that marks the locus as a site for CENP-A maintenance/replenishment.This work was supported by the Tumorzentrum Heidelberg/Mannheim grant (D.10026941)and by March of Dimes Research Foundation grant #1-FY06-377 and NIH R01 GM069514